Oil immersed transformer is a common type of transformer in power systems. It consists of an iron core, a coil, and a fuel tank. The iron core is the main structural component of a transformer, and its function is to improve the efficiency of magnetic flux transmission. The coil is divided into high-voltage coil and low-voltage coil, respectively responsible for voltage rise and fall. The oil tank wraps around the entire transformer and is filled with insulating oil. This type of oil not only has the functions of heat dissipation, insulation, and coil protection, but also bears some electrical insulation functions.
The working principle of an oil immersed transformer is based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, which utilizes the mutual conversion of magnetic fields between two coils of the transformer that are insulated from each other to change the magnitude of the voltage. When the current in the high-voltage coil flows, a magnetic field is generated through the iron core, causing the electrons in the coil of the oil-immersed transformer in the low-voltage coil to move. Due to the smaller number of turns of the coil compared to the high-voltage coil, the voltage will also decrease accordingly. On the contrary, if the current in the low-voltage coil flows, it will cause the voltage in the high-voltage coil to increase.
